Definition: Civil Law, also known as Common Law in some parts of Europe, refers to a legal system that evolved from ancient Greek and Roman civil laws, developed by jurists such as Cicero who established rules for managing the courts and for judges and law officials. In contrast to common law systems based on English or American models, civil law is characterized by its focus on personal rights, freedom of contract, property rights, and individual liberties. It is a system that emphasizes justice and fairness in disputes rather than absolute power and obedience to authority. The word "civil" refers to the legal subjects, which are generally citizens of the state who are subject to the laws and regulations set forth by the law, and it includes individuals, companies, governments, and organizations. The "law" is a body of rules or principles that are established by judges and other professionals in the field of law. The term "civil law" refers to the legal system developed from ancient Greek and Roman civil law, which evolved into modern civil law systems based on English or American models. In most countries around the world, there exists a legal system called Civil Law or Common Law, which is an integral part of its constitution and laws, and it is recognized by international organizations like the United Nations. In summary, Civil Law refers to a legal system that evolved from ancient Greek and Roman civil law, developed by jurists such as Cicero who established rules for managing courts and judges, emphasizing justice and fairness in disputes, and includes citizens of the state who are subject to laws.
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